Commonwealth Research Center
Consortium on the Genetics of
Schizophrenia (COGS)
Mission Statement – History of the Program – Research Participation –
Mission Statement
We are conducting a research
study to find out more about how the brain processes information in
patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives. Patients
with schizophrenia have deficits in several information-processing tests,
as do some of their close relatives. The purpose of this study is to
determine if there is a genetic basis for some of these deficits. This
study is sponsored by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH),
and is designed to help the investigators learn more about the genetics
of schizophrenia. A total of 2205 subjects will be enrolled across 7
sites, and 315 subjects will be enrolled at Harvard Medical School.
History of the Program
Research over the last 25
years has established that patients with schizophrenia and, in many
cases, their non-psychotic relatives, show problems or abnormalities
in a variety of areas, such as cognition (e.g., memory, attention and
problem-solving) and psychophysiology (e.g., eye movements). Most researchers
have studied one or a few of these abnormalities at a time, in a relatively
small number of subjects. This project takes an important step forward
by studying 6 of these abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia
and their close biological relatives, and in controls. We will obtain
DNA from blood samples to determine whether these cognitive and psychophysiological
abnormalities represent the effect of a single genetic alteration, or
whether they are caused by multiple genetic alterations. Because each
of the 7 participating sites will perform the same procedures, we will
create an overall sample that is large enough to answer these questions,
and to advance the search for specific genes that increase the risk
for schizophrenia.
The National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH) would also like to help other scientists learn
more about how genes affect the development of schizophrenia. We are
gathering mental health information (including performance on specific
problem solving, memory and attentional tests, a test to measure small
electrical currents in the brain (called an EEG), an eyeblink test,
and an eye movement test) and genetic material (DNA) from persons with
schizophrenia and from relatives of persons with schizophrenia, in order
to make this research possible. NIMH will store the mental health information
and DNA that we gather in a central repository in New Jersey, and make
it available to other scientists who want to do research on mental functioning
and mental disorders. Any use of these materials would first need to
be reviewed and approved by NIMH. We are contacting people who have
been diagnosed with schizophrenia to see if they would be willing to
contribute their mental health information and a blood specimen to the
repository for use in future research on mental functioning and mental
disorders. The blood sample they give will be used to create a cell
line, which is living tissue. The blood sample, without individual’s
names, will be sent to the repository in New Jersey. There, DNA will
be taken from the cell line and used for scientific research now and
in the future. The information provided for this purpose will be anonymous;
no one will be identified personally.
The information that will
be collected from subjects includes diagnostic information, data on
how they perform cognitive tests (for example, on tests of attention,
memory and visual perception), reactions to hearing a series of clicks
and tones, and to seeing objects on a computer screen.
Research Participation
To qualify for
participation, a subject with a diagnosis of schizophrenia must:
- Be between the ages of 18-65
- Be competent to understand the consent form and process
- Be physically able to participate in at least some of the
mental
testing
- Have living biological parents available to give blood for
DNA, and have at least one full biological brother or sister (i.e.,
a sibling) available to give blood and undergo mental testing
- Be stable psychiatrically, for at least one month
Subjects must not:
- Be adopted
- Have a deceased parent (unless the family is very large),
or parents who are otherwise unavailable for DNA sampling
- Be without at least one sibling who can provide DNA and undergo
mental testing
- Have all siblings diagnosed with schizophrenia
- Have had electroconvulsive therapy in the last 6 months
- Test positive on a toxicology screen for illicit drugs
- Show alcohol or substance abuse in the month before they participate
in the study
- Have a history of alcohol or substance dependence in the 6
months before the study
- Have vision and hearing problems
- Have a significant head injury
- Have a neurological illness (e.g., stroke, seizures or Parkinson’s
disease)
- Have a severe physical illness that interferes with the ability
to be tested
- Have been tested on the cognitive measures used in this study
in the last 3 months, or been tested on the psychophysiology measures
in the last month
- Be unable to participate due to problems with language or
competency
Relatives of patients with schizophrenia must:
- Be 18-65 years of age
- Be competent to understand the consent form and process
- Be able to participate physically in at least some of the
mental testing
Relatives must not:
- Be intoxicated with drugs, including alcohol, at the time
of testing
- Be unable to understand the consent process due to problems
with language or competency
- Have severe systemic illness that interferes with the ability
to be tested
- Have been tested on the cognitive measures used in this study
in the last 3 months, or been tested on the psychophysiology measures
in the last month
Controls must:
- Be 18-65 years of age
- Be competent to understand the consent form and process
- Be able to participate physically in at least some of the
mental testing
Controls must not:
- Be adopted or have an unknown family history
- Have a history of psychosis in themselves or in a family
member
- Have a diagnosis of schizotypal, schizoid or paranoid personality
disorder
- Be receiving current treatment with antipsychotic medication
- Be stable psychiatrically for less than one month
- Have had electroconvulsive therapy in the last 6 months
- Test positive on a toxicology screen for illicit drugs
- Show alcohol or substance abuse in the month before they participate
in the study
- Have a history of alcohol or substance dependence in the 6
months before the study
- Have vision and hearing problems
- Have a significant head injury
- Have a neurological illness (e.g., stroke, seizures or Parkinson’s
disease)
- Have a severe physical illness that interferes with the ability
to be tested
- Have been tested on the cognitive measures used in this study
in the last 3 months, or been tested on the psychophysiology measures
in the last month
- Be unable to participate due to problems with language or
competency
Subjects will receive $10 for each hour of participation Interviews
and mental testing will take about 2 days
Faculty/Staff
Site Principal Investigator
Larry J. Seidman, Ph.D.
Professor of Psychology
Investigators
Ming T. Tsuang, M.D., Ph.D.
Senior Fellow
Stephen V. Faraone, Ph.D.
Clinical Professor of Psychology
Site Coordinator
William S. Stone, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Psychology
617-998-5035
Project Coordinator
Monica Landi, M.S.W.
617-998-5015
Recruiter
Fran Schopick, M.S.W.
617-998-5016
603-953-3022
Tester
Alison Thomas, B.A.
617-998-5011
Contact Information
Monica Landi, M.S.W.
617-998-5015
Publications
- Cloninger CR, Kaufmann CA, Faraone SV, Malaspina D, Svrakic DM, Harkavy-Friedman J, Suarez BK, Matise TC, Shore D, Lee H, Hampe CL, Wynne D, Drain C, Markel PD, Zambuto CT, Schmitt K, Tsuang MT. Genome-wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility loci: the NIMH Genetics Initiative and Millennium Consortium. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 1998; 81: 275-281.
- Faraone SV, Matise T, Svrakic D, Pepple J, Malaspina D, Suarez B, Hampe C, Zambuto CT, Schmitt K, Meyer J, Markel P, Lee H, Harkavy Friedman J, Kaufmann C, Cloninger CR, Tsuang MT. Genome scan of European-American schizophrenia pedigrees: results of the NIMH Genetics Initiative and Millennium Consortium. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 1998; 81: 290-295.
- Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, Goodman JM, Koren D, Lee H, Weintraub S, Tsuang MT. Are there sex differences in neuropsychological functions among schizophrenic patients? Results from a case-control study. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 155:1358-1364.
- Kaufmann CA, Suarez B, Malaspina D, Pepple J, Svrakic D, Markel PD, Meyer J, Zambuto CT, Schmitt K, Matise TC, Harkavy-Friedman JM, Hampe C, Lee H, Shore D, Wynne D, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, Cloninger CR. NIMH genetics initiative Millennium schizophrenia consortium: linkage analysis of African-American pedigrees. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 1998; 81: 282-289.
- Koren D, Seidman LJ, Harrison RH, Lyons MJ, Kremen WS, Caplan BB, Goldstein JM, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Factor structure of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Dimensions of deficit in schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 1998; 12: 289-302.
- Kremen WS, Buka SL, Seidman LJ, Goldstein JM, Koren D, Tsuang MT. IQ decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: A 19-year longitudinal study. American Journal of Psychiatry 1998; 155: 672-677.
- Kremen WS, Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Pepple JR, Tsuang MT. Neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia: A preliminary study of female relatives of schizophrenic and bipolar probands. Psychiatry Research 1998; 79: 227-240.
- Kremen WS, Faraone SV, Toomey R, Seidman LJ, Tsuang MT. Sex differences in self-reported schizotypal traits in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 1998; 34:27-37.
- Leonard S, Gault J, Moore T, Hopkins J, Tobinsion M, Olincy A, Adler LE, Cloninger CR, Kaufmann C, Tsuang MT, Faraone SV, Malaspina D, Svrakic D, Freedman R. Further investigation of a chromosome 15 locus in schizophrenia: Analysis of affected sibpairs from the NIMH Genetics Initiative. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 1998; 81: 308-312.
- Seidman LJ, Breiter H, Goodman JM, Goldstein JM, Woodruff P, O’Craven K, Savoy R, Tsuang MT, Rosen BR. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of auditory vigilance with low and high information processing demands. Neuropsychology 1998; 12: 505-518.
- Seidman LJ, Stone WS, Jones R, Harrison RH, Mirsky AF. Comparative effects of schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy on memory. Journal of the International Neuropsychology Society 1998; 4: 342-352.
- Seidman LJ, Van-Manen KJ, Gamser DM, Turner WM, Faraone SV, Goldstein JM, Tsuang MT. Effects of increasing processing load on vigilance in schizophrenia and in adults with attentional and learning disorders. Schizophrenia Research 1998; 34:101-112.
- Toomey R, Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Pepple JR, Tsuang MT. Association of neuropsychological vulnerability markers in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 1998; 31: 89-98.
- Toomey R, Faraone SV, Simpson JC, Tsuang MT. Negative, positive, and disorganized symptom dimensions in schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 1998; 186: 470-6.
- Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The concept of target features in schizophrenia research. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1998; 97: 1-10.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Overview for treatment for schizotypal and schizoid personality disorders: present and future. NOOS Aggiornamenti in Psichiatria 1998; 3.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Schizophrenia: epidemiology and genetic studies. Epidemiology and Genetics of Schizophrenia 1998; 1-52.
- Faraone SV, Meyer J, Matise T, Svrakic D, Pepple J, Malaspina D, Suarez B, Hampe C, Chan G, Aelony A, Schmitt K, Markel P, Lee H, Harkevy-Friedman J, Kaufmann CA, Cloninger CR, Tsuang MT. Suggestive linkage of chromosome 10p to schizophrenia not due to transmission ratio distortion. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 1999; 88: 607-608.
- Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Toomey R, Pepple JR, Tsuang MT. Neuropsychological functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: A four-year follow-up study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1999; 108:176-181.
- Faraone SV, Tsuang D, Tsuang MT. Genetics of Mental Disorders: A Guide for Students, Clinicians, and Researchers 1999. New York, NY: Guilford.
- Faraone SV, Tsuang D, Tsuang MT. Psychiatric Genetics: A Guide for Mental Health Professionals 1999. New York, NY: Guilford.
- Goldstein JM, Goodman JM, Seidman LJ, Kennedy DN, Makris N, Lee H, Tourville J, Caviness VS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia identified by structural magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry 1999; 56: 537-547.
- Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Goldstein JM, Goodman JM, Kremen WS, Toomey R, Tourville J, Kennedy D, Makris N, Caviness VS, Tsuang MT. Thalamic and amygdala-hippocampal volume reductions in first degree relatives of schizophrenic patients: An MRI-based morphometric analysis. Biological Psychiatry 1999; 46: 941-954.
- Toomey R, Seidman LJ, Lyons MJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Poor perception of nonverbal social-emotional cues in relatives of schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 1999; 40:121-130.
- Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The concept of target features in schizophrenia research. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplement 1999; 395: 2-11.
- Tsuang MT, Faraone SV, Green AI. Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. In J. Armand M. Nicholi (Ed.), The Harvard Guide to Psychiatry 1999. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Tsuang MT, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV. New approaches to the genetics of schizophrenia: Neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies of nonpsychotic first degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. In: Gattaz WF, Hafner H, eds. The Fourth Symposium on the Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia .Vol. IV. (Balance of the Century). Berlin: Springer, 1999: 191-207.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Schizophrenia: A review of genetic studies. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 1999; 7: 185-207.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Zimmet S, Wojcik J, Green AI. Treatment of nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia: Four case studies. Biological Psychiatry 1999; 45: 1412-1418.
- Buka SL, Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, Tsuang, M.T. Maternal recall of pregnancy history: Accuracy and bias in schizophrenia research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000; 26:335-350.
- Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Toomey R, Pepple JR, Tsuang, M.T. Neuropsychological functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: The effect of genetic loading. Biological Psychiatry 2000; 48:120-126.
- Fucetola R, Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Faraone SV, Goldstein JM, Tsuang MT. Age and neuropsychological function in schizophrenia: A decline in executive functions compared to normal volunteers. Biological Psychiatry 2000; 48:137-146.
- Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, Buka SL, Horton N, Donatelli J, Rieder RO, Tsuang, M.T. Impact of genetic vulnerability and chronic exposure to hypoxia on overall intelligence by age 7 in offspring at high risk for schizophrenia compared with affective psychosis. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000; 26:323-334.
- Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Toomey R, Tsuang MT. The question of neuropsychologically normal schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 2000; 109:743-752.
- Lyons MJ, Huppert J, Toomey R, Harley RJG, Eisen S, True W, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Lifetime prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia. Twin Research 2000; 3: 28-32.
- Seidman LJ, Buka SL, Goldstein JM, Horton N, Rieder RO, Donatelli J, Tsuang MT. The relationship of obstetrical complications to cognitive functioning at age 7 in the New England Cohorts of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2000; 26:309-321.
- Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The frustrating search for schizophrenia genes. American Journal of Medical Genetics 2000; 97: 1-3.
- Tsuang MT, Faraone SV. The Future of Psychiatric Genetics. Current Psychiatry Reports 2000; 2: 133- 136.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Towards reformulating the diagnosis of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 2000; 147: 1041-1050.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Towards the prevention of schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry 2000; 48: 349-356.
- Faraone SV, Green AI, Seidman LJ, Tsuang M.T. “Schizotaxia”: Clinical implications and a new direction for research. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2001; 27:1-18.
- Freedman R, Leonard S, Gault JM, Hopkins J, Cloninger CR, Kaufmann CA, Tsuang MT, Faraone SV, Malaspina D, Svrakic DM, Sanders A, Gejman P. Linkage disequilibrium for schizophrenia at the chromosome 15q13-14 locus of the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene (CHRNA7). American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 2001; 105: 20-2.
- Freedman R, Leonard S, Olincy A, Kaufmann CA, Malaspina D, Cloninger CR, Svrakic D, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Evidence for the multigenic inheritance of schizophrenia. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 2001; 105: 794-800.
- Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, Horton NJ, Makris N, Kennedy DN, Caviness VS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in-vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral Cortex 2001; 11: 490-497.
- Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. IQ and neuropsychological profiles in patients with schizophrenia and normal volunteers. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 50: 453-462.
- Malaspina D, Goetz RR, Friedman JH, Kaufmann CA, Faraone SV, Tsuang M, Cloninger CR, Nurnberger JI, Blehar MC. Traumatic Brain Injury and Schizophrenia in Members of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Pedigrees. American Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 158: 440-446.
- Rosas HD, Goodman J, Chen YI, Jenkins BG, Kennedy DN, Makris N, Patti MS, Seidman LJ, Beal MF, Koroshetz WJ. Striatal volume loss in HD as measured by MRI and the influence of CAG repeat. Neurology 2001; 57: 1025-1028.
- Smoller JW, Rosenbaum JF, Biederman J, Susswein LS, Kennedy J, Kagan J, Snidman N, Laird N, Tsuang MT, Faraone SV, Schwarz A, Slaugenhaupt SA. Genetic association analysis of behavioral inhibition using candidate loci from mouse models. American Journal of Medical Genetics (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 2001; 105: 226-235.
- Stone WS, Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Green AI, Wojcik J, Tsuang MT. Concurrent validation of schizotaxia: A pilot study. Biological Psychiatry 2001; 50:434-440.
- Tsuang DW, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Genetic counseling for psychiatric disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports 2001; 3: 138-143.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Genes, environment and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: S18-24.
- Faraone SV, Tsuang DW, Tsuang MT. Methods in psychiatric genetics (2nd Edition). In M. T. Tsuang & M. Tohen (Eds.), Textbook in Psychiatric Epidemiology 2002. New York: Wiley-Liss.
- Goldstein JM, Seidman LJ, O’Brien L, Horton NJ, Kennedy DN, Makris N, Caviness VS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Impact of normal sexual dimorphism on sex differences in structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of General Psychiatry 2002; 59:154-164.
- Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Goldstein JM, Kremen WS, Horton NJ, Makris N, Toomey R, Kennedy D, Caviness VS, Tsuang MT. Left hippocampal volume as a vulnerability indicator for schizophrenia: An MRI morphometric study of non-psychotic first degree relatives. Archives of General Psychiatry 2002; 59: 839-849.
- Seidman LJ, Kremen WS, Koren D, Faraone SV, Goldstein JM, Tsuang MT. A comparative profile analysis of neuropsychological functioning in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar psychoses. Schizophrenia Research 2002; 53: 31-44.
- Tsuang DW, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Implications of Psychiatric Genetics and the Use of Genetic Counseling. Directions in Psychiatry 2002; 22: 155-164.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Faraone SV. Understanding predisposition to schizophrenia: toward intervention and prevention. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2002; 47: 518-526.
- Tsuang MT, Stone WS, Tarbox SI, Faraone SV. An integration of schizophrenia with schizotypy: identification of schizotaxia and implications for research on treatment and prevention. Schizophrenia Research 2002; 54: 169-175.
- Wilcox MA, Faraone SV, Su J, Van Eerdewegh P, Tsuang MT. Genome scan of three quantitative traits in schizophrenia pedigrees. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 52: 847-854.
- Kremen WS, Seidman LJ, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Is there disproportionate impairment in semantic or phonemic fluency in schizophrenia? Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2003; 9: 79-88.
- Cirillo M, Seidman LJ. Verbal declarative memory dysfunction in schizophrenia: From clinical assessment to genetics and brain mechanisms. Neuropsychology Review, 2003, 13: 43-77.
- Faraone SV, Seidman LJ, Kennedy D, Makris N, Caviness VS, Kremen WS, Goldstein JM, Toomey R, Tsuang MT. Structural brain abnormalities among relatives of patients with schizophrenia: Implications for linkage studies. Schizophrenia Research, 2003, 60: 125-140.
- Kalinowski AG, Weinstein CS, Seidman LJ. Organizational and retrieval deficits on the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure in schizophrenia. In: Knight J, Kaplan EF, eds. The Rey-Osterrieth Handbook. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 2004.
- Seidman LJ, Lanca M, Kremen WS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT. Organizational and visual memory deficits in schizophrenia and bipolar psychoses using the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure:Effects of duration of illness. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 2003, 25: 949-964.
- Seidman LJ, Wencel HE. Genetically mediated brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Current Psychiatry Reports, 2003, 5: 135-144.
- Seidman LJ, Wencel HE, McDonald C, Murray R, Tsuang MT. Neuroimaging studies of non-psychotic first degree relatives of people with schizophrenia: Towards a neurobiology of vulnerability to schizophrenia (“schizotaxia”). In Stone WS, Faraone SV, Tsuang MT, eds. Early Clinical Intervention and Prevention in Schizophrenia. Totowa, NJ; The Humana Press, Inc. 2004, pp. 179-210.
- Stone WS, Seidman LJ, Woijcik J, Green A. Glucose effects on cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 2003; 93-103.
- Stone, WS, Faraone, SV, Su, J, Tarbox, SI, Van Eerdewegh, P, and Tsuang, MT. Evidence for linkage between regulatory enzymes in glycolysis and schizophrenia in a multiplex sample. Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 2004, 127B; 5-10.
- Abdolmaleky, HM, Smith, CL, Faraone, SV, Shafa, R, Stone, W, Glatt, SJ, and Tsuang, MT. Methylomics in Psychiatry: Modulation of Gene-Environment Interactions May be Through DNA Methylation. Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 2004, 127B: 51-59.
- Thermenos, HW, Seidman, LJ, Breiter, H, Goldstein, JM, Goodman, JM, Poldrack, R, Faraone, SV and Tsuang, MT. Functional MRI during auditory working memory in non-psychotic relatives of persons with schizophrenia: A pilot study. Biological Psychiatry, 2004, 55:490-500.
- Stone, W.S., Thermenos, H.W., Tarbox, S.I., Poldrack, R.A. and Seidman, L.J. Medial temporal and prefrontal lobe activation during verbal encoding following glucose ingestion in schizophrenia. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2005; 83: 54-64.
- Thermenos, HW, Goldstein, JM, Buka, SL, Poldrack, RA, Koch, JK, Tsuang, MT and Seidman, LJ. The effect of working memory performance on functional MRI in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 74: 179-194.
- Stone, W.S., Faraone, S.V., Seidman, L.J., Olson, E.A. and Tsuang, M.T. Searching for the liability to schizophrenia: concepts and methods underlying genetic high risk studies of adolescents. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 2005, 15: 403-417.